We typically overlook and neglect the cables we have on site, despite the fact that they are quite literally the “veins” of a live production workflow. To help bridge this educational gap, here's a quick and easy guide on cables and wireless options that could work for your budget and facility.
HDMI - $
The most familiar video cable in the A/V world today and the most affordable option. These connections can be broadly applied and can be found on the back of your household TV and on most HD cameras. Unfortunately, HDMI cables can only extend so far on their own without additional repeaters and boosters. And its physicality also makes the actual cable and point of connection prone to damage.
So if you're looking for an affordable and convenient solution, but don't mind replacing cables regularly, HDMI is a good fit.
SDI (Serial Digital Interface)- $$
Covering much longer distances than HDMI, SDI is a tried-and-true cable deeply rooted in the professional broadcast and live event world. Touting a locking “BNC” mechanism for secure connectivity, HD-SDI and 3G-SDI are the two most common varieties of SDI cables that adequately support both 1080 HD signals. SDI cables are also much more malleable and rugged for the more demanding environment of everyday live productions. For DIY-ers, SDI cables are one of the only cables that can be repaired and maintained with a basic kit of tools and some practice.
Since SDI cables can warrant lengths up to 250 ft., people are tempted to capture more unique and detailed shots on-stage or off-site. While this process can get tedious, it can also cause tripping hazards around the facility. But if you're looking for a basic cabled workflow, SDI is a great choice.
Wireless (Zero-Delay) - $$$
Most wireless solutions consist of a transmitter and receiver. On the transmitter you'll find the familiar HDMI or SDI connections, while more robust solutions will include dual inputs to support a variety of cameras. Once connected, the audio/video is transmitted to the receiver which outputs SDI or HDMI. This signal can be connected to your switcher or directly to a projector, just like a hardwired cable run.
The best solutions are plug-and-play, so once you're setup it's not necessary to have volunteers or IT directors to manage the system. Transmission distance comes in a variety of ranges to fit your needs and budget. And for Wirecast and Tricaster users, look out for systems with USB 3.0 output to get easier ingest.
This technology was exclusively utilized by professional broadcast and cinema studios and while a more costly solution, wireless connectivity offers unbound camera movement, more coverage, and less tripping hazards than cable options.
With wireless, be aware that there is a bit of a learning curve and it takes a while to get used to since it's a new technology.
Fiber - $$$$
This is the most advanced and lightweight option for a cable-centric workflow. Fiber is able to support cable runs twice the length of an SDI cable and carry additional protocols for data and communication. Because of this, Fiber can potentially reduce the amount of cables you have running through your facility.
While on the top-shelf for cabling, fiber does require an upgrade in all auxiliary devices for compatibility. For example, you would need to purchase converters to get from a BNC or HDMI cable to a suitable fiber connection. And while fiber is lightweight and built for distance, it is a delicate cable. So when implementing permanent installs, it is important to keep these cables protected and out of harm's way.
If you're looking for cutting-edge audio and video connectivity via cable, fiber is an excellent choice as long as your budget and plotting allow for it.
IP (WiFi/Ethernet) - $$$
A geeky, yet limitless solution for audio and video which can be seen as a hybrid of networking and video production. But in the right hands, IP is an extremely powerful vehicle that can provide unique solutions none of the previously mentioned mediums can provide.
Choosing an IP solution depends on your current workflow and, most importantly, your network (both local and over the public internet). An IP solution typically involves an H.264 encoder that can operate via Wi-Fi, ethernet, or public internet. You can use it for routing video to additional rooms in a building, sending feeds to satellite facilities over the internet, or even broadcasting to an online campus.
Due to the nature of managing IP addresses and routing, it is important for your organization to have an IT manager who is familiar with basic networking knowledge. That being said, many manufacturers of IP solutions are releasing more user-friendly interfaces for management.
